Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Nicotine Pouches on the Oral Cavity: An Integrative Review

Resumo

Aim: Investigate the clinical, toxicological, and epidemiological effects of ENDS on the oral cavity. Methods: This is an integrative literature review conducted in the PubMed, SciELO, Virtual Health Library (VHL), LILACS, and Cochrane Library databases, using controlled descriptors linked by Boolean operators, as well as their English equivalents. Articles published in the last ten years were included, provided they were available in full and without language restrictions. Results: Initially, 57 publications were identified, and after applying the eligibility criteria, 19 studies comprised the final sample. Scientific evidence demonstrates that users of ENDS and nicotine pouches exhibit hyperkeratotic lesions, edema, activation of inflammatory pathways, potential carcinogen activation, and other health impacts. Conclusions: The growing consensus regarding the harmful potential of these devices, as well as the need for longitudinal studies to deepen the understanding of their effects on the oral cavity.